History Labour Managers

Lectures 3 In the modern period of human history, the division of labour in all but the smallest organisations has come to include the specialist role of a manager. These people are required to step back from and stand above the basic operations and tasks of the organisation and in the famous words of Henri Fayol, forecast, plan, organise, command, co-ordinate and control. Henri Fayol and Frederick Taylor who coined the term scientific management, pushed the notion that there should be a body of specialist knowledge and expertise which managers would apply to work organisation. This notion gives us what Tony Watson 2006 characterises as a systems control notion of management. Systems control thinking frames the organisation as a big machine, which is designed by expert managers, who then staff it with employees, who fulfil the organisations goals through playing out the designed roles. Systems control framing of managerial work, suggests a managers work is to design, control and maintain the organisation as a big social machine. This work is done by managers only who are skilled and knowledgeable experts as they are the organisation designers and drivers. And it involves the application of neutral technical expertise (often affected by informal, implicit understanding, self interest, politics, and negotiation). It also suggests that managers do not further their own interests but to fulfil the organizations goals. But organisation dont have goals, they arent living. It is only humans which can give them goals, top management sets the goals, and these top managers will have self interests, so this framing is not realistic or the way things are in practise. Why systems control thinking is attractive and used The concept of highly trained individuals engineering the big organisational machine that is present in modern societies has proved to b seductive and powerful. This is because it gives those in the profession of educating and training managers an essential purpose, a raison detre. Not only this, but the belief in the possibility of a body of objective knowledge and politically neutral managerial expertise provides further comfort and reassurance by avoiding recognition that managing and controlling in any filed of human activity is bound to meet resistance an is bound to involve managers in conflicts and power relations. The implicit modernist faith that all of this is being done for the sake of general human progress helps avoid tricky questions about right and wrong, and who might win and who might lose with regard to any to any particular organisational innovation or managerial initiative. Anything that is done in the name of reason, it is assumed , is bound to be for the best. No matter how attractive this concept is, it is weak as it is not realistic and thus unhelpful. Because organisations do not have goals, they have tasks that must be done e.g. manufacture cars, and at the same time it is the people in the organisation who have diverse interests and goals what are not that of the organisation. The attraction of the idea of organisational goals , is that it gives the organisation a politically neutral existence and an politically neutral managerial activities. It is only human beings who can have goals, in the organisations goals emerge out of the thoughts and wants of the individuals in it. if we personify the organisation if can lead to a danger of over simplifying really complex matters in the organisation. And we would be leaving out the analysis of all the human actions, choices, interpretations, negotiations, and choices that must be taken into account if we seriously want to understand what is going on. For example if a manager adopts a systems control frame in destining and allocating tasks in work, they may not consider people work orientation, ie why they come to work, the task allocation they design and dictate may them be inappropriate to motivate individuals, and this may lead to poor productivity, and wasted human resources that would not be contributing to taking the organisation into the future. Individuals in the organisation will all have diverse goals and interests and for a manager to start out by assuming that they are presuming the same organisational goals in nave, and the job of a manager in reality is to align these interest, through negotiation, manipulation etc. Because of the above limitations of systems control framing we need an understanding of managerial work that which is derived from a more sophisticated and realistic process relational was of understanding the organisation. Process relational framing of the organisation suggests that the organisation is an association of people or a set of relationships always in flux. Organising thus involves continuous social, political, cultural, technological, economic and moral processes to achieve certain tasks. These relationships of cooperation do not automatically come about they need to be shaped and managed, they have to be worked for and won by the manager. A manager cant directly control people to do what they want, they have to indirectly manipulate and negotiate with them to achieve successful task completion. Shaping and reshaping, negotiation and renegotiating, mediating, persuading, exchanging, and trading will have to continually occur if the organisation is going to complete the tasks undertaken in its name an to continue into the future. This was of understanding organisational life, togther with the research evidience of how manager behavive and actually do in pratice, suggests that magaerial work is not a matter of excerising specialised scientific knowledge to drive the big social machine challed the organisation as systems control pushes us to think. A more realistic under standing of managerial work is: Managerial work is not a matter of applying a science or a bundle of knowledge It is a social, moral political , cultural and economic art, requiring skills in negotiating, persuation, politicking. Trading, ie it is craft requiring It needs the ability to sensiviely interpret the thoughts and wants of other as they are human not physical resources The ability to shape meanings value and human commitments. The above is what in process relational terms is managerial work, rather than management, this is done so that it is easier to under stand the function and the broad activity of managerial work or managing and distinguish between them. Management- is the over all shaping of relationships , understandings and processes within a work organisation to bring about the completion of the tasks undertaken in the organisations name in such a way that the organisation continues into the future. However this dimension of the overall phenomenon has to be seen alongside two other dimensions. Management is the function that must be fulfilled in every organisation, maybe by own person, or by many members in the organisation. The first of these is the activity of the managerial work. Is the action or things that are done to give direction to the range of activities that go on in the organisation. The other dimension is the set of working roles that make up the set of people, who are the managers in the organisation. This is the formal role. In practise we confuse these 2 dimensions because we use one term, which is management for all three. It is important to keep this 3 way distinction in mind whenever we sre thinking analytically about management. The relevance to managerial practice of this three-dimensional view of the management can be illustrated by looking at the participant observation research in which the distinction was first developed by Watson 2001. In a discussion with Ted Meadows, a manager in the company being stuied, he pointed out that, the company wants to distinguish between problems caused by having the wrong managers, and problems caused by having the right managers, who are non the less performing they wrong activities. Distinguishing between these problems was essential, as the manager was contemplating getting rid on he managers as the over management of the company was weak, but the managers he had were very skilled and good but the managerial work they were doing was not right. Had he sacked these managers he would have lost talented managers, and the management of the company would have further declined. The researcher found that the managers in the company were very capable and skilled, contrary to Meadows view that they werent good, but the tasks they were given by top management and the priorities imposed on them were such that their abilities were not being used in a good way. Thus we can see that the distinguishing of the terms is essential as it leads to very different practical consequences, i.e. task redesign or firing the managers. The simplistic inference that bad management is a result of having bad managers can be a very dangerous one, in practical terms, given the very real possibility that bad management can arise from the misuse of managerial talents, as readily as from the appointment of incompetent individuals to fill managerial roles. Thus we can see a great deal of difference from blind adoption of theory, and material work in practice. (Distinguishing also important was just because you cant see or define clear cut managerial activity, or panning, controlling etc does not mean that the function is not being fulfilled, it is but in an indirect way). There are two other implications of the three dimensional model of management: Management is a strategic matter, and the logic of both the job of the manager and the work of managing is on one on contributing to the shaping and the directing of the organisation as a whole. Some managers are more directly involved in strategic matters than other. And some more clearly take on leadership roles than others. While there cannot be organisations without management, it does not follow that the organisation needs formal managers to have management. Management is conceptualised very deliberately as being concerned with the continuation of the organisation into the future. We could call this a strategy centred view of organisational management. It would be less helpful to recognise managers as people who are simply in charge of a particular activity and who fulfil the function without any refrence to how the activity relates to the over all shaping, directing and performance of the organisation. A manager is most usefully seen to be a manager by vitue of how they relate the particular tasks they do to the over all pattern of tasks and priorties of the organisation as a whole. The second point is that, organisations must have management but not neceaarly managers. It is often sensible and practical to create posts within the organisations overall division of labour who involve them self more in the shaping and directing og work activities, than in the direct work of production, or manufacturing or goods or services. But this is only a matter of organisational design choice and not something that is essential. And this goes against the systems-control thinking which see it vital to have an engineer and driver of the organisation, special to all other employees. This is related to contingency thinking, that suggests that the way an organisation is managed and organisational choices is dependent on factors such as technology, size etc, so at times it may be appropriate to have a manager position, while at other times for example a very small firm such as a two man surveying company, the people who do the work could also manage the organisation which out the name tag of a manager. However once an organisation reaches a certain size it is often more efficient to have managerial only roles. We can thus clearly see that a manager is not needed to manage the organisation in all situations. There are many way of managing an organisation, for example worker cooperatives and self managed enterprises have come into and gone out of fashion at several times in history, and it is possible that some of their principles with be considered once again as new options are sought for organising work in a technologically and globally changing world, this again this high lights that organisational choices are made in the light of contingencies. But at present, what actually do managers do, and how do we make sense of what we observe when social scientists go out to study every day managerial behaviour. Research on what managers actually do in the real world rather than text books, was carried out from the 1950 to the 1960 by for example, Tom Burns, Tony Watson, and Melville Dalton. (talk about direct and indirect control, official and unofficial structure, this un official behaviour and activities supports the official culture and goals. Barnard 1938 argued that an executives job was not to attend directly to the official structure and culture of an organisation but to shape what he saw was the more informal aspects of the organisation, that in aggregate contribute to the strategy that will take the organisation into the future) The picture that emerges from what mangers actually do is one of which: Managers are endlessly on the move from one task to another. Their day is highly fragmented as they rapidly switch from one issue to another and from one social interaction to another (might be to understand each employees work orientation, manage all constituencies make a decision, negotiated order, ) (garbage can) They spend a great deal of time talking with people. This occurs on the telephone, in formal meetings, and in conversations what occur inside and outside the workplace, in offices, in corridors, (various consistencies) When walking to see people on the job. A large proportion of these conversations are with people who the manager has no authority (constituencies that he has no direct control over, but he has to stratigically get them on his side so the organisation can progress, politicking).( or indulgency theory allowing so that when organisation needs something in the future they do it for him) Managerial looks reactive, and rarely appears to follow a sequence of reflective planning followed by actions to implement specific decision (this may be because of the garbage can model , there are many choices, problems, solutions, people, interests, that all have to be managed as things happen to make a decision thus even if a planned decision was made it may have to be changed in the light of all these things) Managers rely a great deal on gossip hearsay and guess work to keep informed. Formal reports and management information systems play only a small part in informing managerial thinking, and what is taken from these tends to be contextulaised by more informal sources of knowledge and insight. They thus spend little time analysing formal information in the office or systematically plan how they are going to spend time (consider the motivation of employees, a manager can plan this in isolation, they have to interact with employee and decide what to do in the light of the workers work orientation and changes in their life etc, they cant just plan and implement) Manager are rarely seen getting their was or getting tasks done by giving direct command to subordinates ( it is a trade, give and take, and negotiation and manipulation if the implicit contract, direct command does not lead to productive work, because they are humans not physical resources) These studies taken as a whole suggest that managers rarely behave in the ways we might expect, as planners, designers and implementers of systems, of instruction giving managers. Instead they are handling their dependence on other people through endless talking, listening, and persuading. They do this primarily by negotiating, trading, exchanging with all the parties whom they rely on to achieve the tasks for which they have responsibility ( as the have to manage many consistencies in and out of the organisation, it explains a lot of the frenzy and fragmentation, and the impact contract of many people they have to deal with) There is however logic behind this apparently frenzied managerial whirl of activity. There is a risk of misunderstanding what is going on and people from the outside looking in may feel that management of the organisation as an over all function is not occurring. But if we use the three dimensional model of management we can see that although the tasks being done appear to be pointless, this type of managerial work is in fact working towards a clear strategy that is in the form of indirect control, and negotiaction that leads to over all management of the organisation to continue into the future. Thus real work of managers is not anything like Fayols classic description of managerial work of, planning, organising, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Although the outcome of their activities still leads to the desired results that would come from using Fayols more direct and unrealistic forms on managing. Fayols list has been taught to many students, and this has not helped many in understanding the real way managers manage, and thus many students are socked when they first graduate and entre the world of work, they often feel lost, and many comment that they are taught too much theory and not enough about practical situation. Fayols list has functioned as a slogan for the systems control thinking perspective about managerial thinging in the organisation. And process relational thinking helps us make sense of managerial behaviour of negotiating and manipulating process and relationships that shapes the organisation. Just because we cant see Fayols command element in real life does not mean it doesnt not occur. Although there might not be direct command, the function can still be achieved by other ways that are not so direct, such as manipulation or trading. Thus commanding may not be seen but it is done. A study that helps us understand why managers act the way they do is KOTTER 1982 study, where he studied 15 general managers that were seen as very successful by a variety of people. Kotter 1983 observed that these managers were not very systematic, they were more informal, less reflective, more reactive, less well organised than we might expect the typical manager to be. Kotter makes sense of this at first sight, puzzling situation by recognising the inevitability of the immense ambiguity and uncertainty that surrounds the managers job. Decision therefore cannot emerge from cool calculated analysis of clear and objective data. Reality is not like that thus managers cannot act like that, Kotter states that the decision making environment is characterised by uncertainty, great diversity, and an enormous quantity of potentially relevant information (GARBAE CAN). Thus kotter is giving recognition to one of the most ideas in social science, that of bounded rationality. The concept of bounded rationality suggests that, the human ability to calculate the most appropriate means of achieving a specific end is limited or bounded by two ways, firstly that only a small proportion of all the knowledge and information which is potentially relevant to any rational analysis can ever in reality be obtained. And secondly, the human mind would only cope with a fraction of all the relevant information had it been obtainable. But to give emphasis to these limitations to instrumental rationality in actual human behaviour is not to turn ones back on the principle of instrumental rationality. Instead it is to come to terms that instrumental rationality can only take us so far, in helping us achieve or purposes. This means that in doing managerial work or in trying to understand the managerial practices to be observed in real life organisations, we have to come to terms with ambiguity in organisational situations, and with what follows from it : uncertainty about the future. To be fully rational be have to come to terms with the inescapability of ambiguity and uncertainty. Ambiguity exists when the meaning of a situation or and event is unclear or confused and is therefore open to a variety of interpretations. Uncertainty exists when the understanding of a future event or situation is unclear or confused and is therefore open to a wide variety of interpretations. In an organisational setting there is ambiguity and uncertainty as manager are concerned with taking the organisation into the future, but it is open to a variety of interpretation of if this will happen and how, We thus have to understand that we can never really know precisely what we are doing in managerial situations any more than we can ever really know exactly where we are going. But this doesnt not mean that we give up trying to organise and manage a complex work tasks. It means that manager have to work at organising these affairs while Recognizing that the world is a complicated and unpredictable place Accepting that people that managers deal with are complicated and un predictable beings Coming to terms with the fact that manager them self are complicated and unpredictable beings What does these observations mean in practise? Returning back to kotters research, he went on to point out that managerial decisions could not in the real world be implements by straight forward issuing of subordinate. Instead they gave to be implement through a large, diverse, group of subordinates, peers, bosses and outsiders, people who them effectively the manager have little control over. The methods that these managers used to get things done were therefore much more about influencing people than commanding people, and this explains the indirect way the manage people. ( they dont have power over people work orientation they can only manipulate the implicit contract.) They used a great deal of face to face contact and were constantly encouraging, manipulating and persuading people. They were demanding of others and used a wide range of ways to reward people for producing what was required (implicit contract exchange to control people not direct control) The networks established by managers were such that their members would influence each to work towards fulfilling the agenda around which the networks have been developed In fact the series of agendas that managers identified for themselves mediated between the longer term strategic priorities of the business as a while and the day to day activities orchestrated by the general manager. We could perhaps see these agendas as mental maps that manager used to make sense of what is happening and help them understand how unfolding events might be linked to the overall directing of the organisation( eg strategic exchange with employees in the contract to get them motivated to go tasks that take the organisation into the future) There are various ways of managing people, various tasks and activities and various projects, that could be adopted by the manager to contribute to the meeting of the agenda. Thus can explain managements behaviour of a manager. However these agendas (look up strategy), are not conceived away from the everyday activities. The constant monitoring of information coming from a wide range of sources, eg gossip, rumour, etc contributes to the development if the agenda, and the managers were skilled and assertive at questioning people and obtaining with information ( from multiple constituencies). Thus we recognise the method behind the seemingly mad behaviour of managers in reality, ie the efficiency behind seemingly inefficient behaviour, we can see that all the fragmented behaviour adds up to a degree of organisational system-ness. The process relational framing draws our attention to the range of social, political, cultural and economic processes that managerial and organisational work involves. And it rejects the systems control assumption that the organisation is a system. Yet it does not reject the notion of an emerging from the processes that go on, just rejects looking at the organisation as a system from the start. Process relational thinking sees system like qualities as emergent, fragile and temporary, it has to we won and re-won by skilful managerial action. All of the unofficial things they do support the official aspects and strategy of the organisation ie the agendas, to take the organisation into the future. This managerial work involves indirect control and all of this seemingly fragmented behaviour is for a reason such as, this indirect control and way or managing the organisation shapes the structural side of the organisation, such as a flat hierarchy and in turn the culture is shaped, which is based on equality, trust etc. It is all part of a bigger picture, the way a manager runs the organisation affects everything else. Indulgency theory may also explain why sometimes we see manager acting irrationally, but in reality they do it as they see it was a tool for meeting the agenda, such as they may turn a blind eye to a person taking a sick day to go see their child in a school play, in turn they will get the employees cooperation if they for example need them to do some last minute over time. Also the manager runs round from one person to another and from dealing with one issue to another because the organisation is associated with many strategic constituencies. And the exchange with all these parties and their contribution to the organisation is essential to the long term survival of the organisation. Some times one group of the consistencies may be more important than another, and at another time some one else is more important than the other. Thus the manager has to manage these different constituencies ranging from investors, to employees, to politicians. This is to work towards the long term strategy they have to make the company continue into the future. Eg politicians, investors, owners, media etc. endlessly monitoring the activities and expectations of all the various parties and constituencies with which they need to deal and pulling people towards compliance with in the agenda they had developed for shaping the enterprise Managers have to thus be skilled at managing these diverse sets of people to ensure long term continuation. Manager are more likely to be skilled than other manager in their jobs if they are skilful at managing relationships and commitments in a way which comes to terms with all the ambiguities and uncertainties with which they are inevitably confronted. This suggests that we should be able to identify some capabilities that managers and leaders within organisations are likely to require if they are going to contribute to the effectiveness of the organisation. A variety of attempts have been made to identify successful managers differ from less successful ones. The danger from these research is that these skills identified are then seen as traits a person should have and if they do they are given a managerial role. But in reality just because a person has these traits does not mean they will be a competent manager. Also a manager may have these skills, but things that are out of their control such as how the job has been set up and the tasks they have been allocated may not be appropriate thus, they have the skill but other things prevent them from being a competent manager. Thus we can infer that come traits and skills do make managers potentially better managers than others, but this potential is affected by many other factors such as the job design. Thus we need to look at what managerial potential a person has, and how effective they might be in practice. Managerial effectives is the successful application of the skills, knowledge and aptitudes to the fulfilment of tasks in a managers area of responsibility so that as great contribution as possible is made to the performance of the organisation and its long term survival. Tony Watson suggests some broad characteristics of more able and less able managers and leaders. There are three categories of characteristics personal orientation cognitive style interpersonal style in each of the three sections there are traits that distinguish between able and less able managers. Eg 1 personal orientation: achievement and results orientation, an able manager would set high but realistic standards of achievement for self, and for others, and seek continual improvement, in processes and results, and monitor progress against targets. A less able manager would muddle through without clear objectives, and is happy with adequate performance and judge success as avoidance of trouble. Cognitive style: vision and strategic thinking: Good manager: can relate to current activities to a clear coherent image of a future state of affairs for the whole organisation and their part of it, they understand the links between every day activities and the long term effectiveness. They manage their segment of the organisation as a contribution to the whole organisation. The appreciate the global context in which all organisations increasingly work and are sensitive to differing cultural norms within and across societies. Bad manager: have a short term perspective and an inward looking approach to managing their responsibilities- their department or functional objectives are seen as the ends themselves rather than as the means to more effective performance of the business as whole. Minimal attention is paid to customers or clients and there is little awareness of changing global circumstances or cultural variations that exist within a and across societies. Interpersonal style: sensitivity and listing (important for implicit contact) Good: are sensitive to preferences and emotions of both themselves and those they work with ( inside and out side the organisation and this is needed for strategic constituencies and to exchange with them, resources and information ) They treat others and their ideas with respect ( they dont plan and enforce own ideas only as they see them self as the specialist with the specialist knowledge) Listen carefully to the ideas and opinions of others, work actively to elicit positive contributions from them ( needed for successful implicit contract manipulation. ( also to understand misbehaviour and what it means to successfully manage it rather than label it as act of ignorance they get to route of problem so that resistance does not persist. Bad manager: have little regards fro the people they work with, they are insensitive to the feelings of others, concentrate on their own ideas and feelings and objectives and dont consider the interests of others. The first thing we notice about the table put together by Tony Watson 2006 is that it is consistent with the process relational conception of the human individual as emergent. It departs from the systems control way of understanding the human individual as a fixed entity or miniature system with certain given characteristics, personality traits and attitudes like pervious research has suggested. Less successful managers can change and adopt these more preferred way of managing to help them in their work. The competent manager or effective leader is not a particular type of person but someone who acts or thinks in a particular way. Hence the model uses the term orientation and style to give an emphasis to this dynamic or process-ual view of the human individual. The model is not compatible with the view of management as a specialist occupation activity equivalent to e.g. engineering. The criteria of managerial capability fits closely with the process relational way of forming managerial work. This frame of reference strongly supported by research into what managers actually do suggests that managerial work is not most helpfully understood as involving the application of a body of specialist knowledge to running an organisational machine. It is much more understood as a matter of deploying social , political and cultural skills in a particular way. The vital competencies are therefore basic human social ones. these skills will be strongly sought by employers, and even though no one is super human and has all the skills the most successful managers will be those who master most of the skills. This pulling and shaping occurred through the application of a range of social, interpersonal, political, learning and analytical skills, such as those described in the managerial competencies criteria, it did not occur through overt and direct attempts to control behaviours. But why/ This is because they are highly dependent on a large number of people to achieve their porous, and in spite of their significant degree of authority and formal power, they have little direct control over the majority of people they are dependent on, eg investors, media, local MPs etc. thus they can only exchange and negotiate and indirectly control them They also have to reply on highly ambiguous information gathered from a diverse range of sources to inform all of their persuading and influencing activities. A high level of cognitive skill is need to make sense of all the information with which the manager is bombarded, as is a capacity to learn continuously from what they see hear and experience. This agrees with the process relation view of an emergent manager. And that leaning does not just occur at university , and you cant just learn theory about how to be a good manager because the dynamics of real life is very different. We can thus see why in the real world makers often make a decision that is like guess work, they are leaning from experiences. They also have to have emotional intelligence To operate successfully in a social context which is the organisation. Manger status can also hold social status, and when carrying out the task of being a manager one must not get carries away with the status it hold as this can be inefficient.

A History of What Makes a Good College Essay Introduction Refuted

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Secret Info About Best Essay Writing Youtube Channels That Only the Pros Know Exist

<h1>Secret Info About Best Essay Writing Youtube Channels That Only the Pros Know Exist </h1> <p>Then the video instructional exercises are the quickest way to deal with assistance people to understanding our endeavor. Enhancing for on-page SEO doesn't have to take ages, and it can help improve your natural traffic. As a result, online exposition customization firms must accomplish and convey work in a brisk and opportune strategy. It's notable that subject of on-line organizing is brimming with banalities and it isn't hard to get caught while citing somebody or rehashing verifiable truths. </p> <p>It is moreover exceptionally simple to make another gathering in YouTube to lure similar clients. In this way, in spite of the way that the sounds are free,'' in the event that they are beneath a Creative Commons permit the client must be mindful so as to concentrate on the fine print. Eventually, numerous thoroughly free locales have the particular same recor ds so the client regularly burns through significantly additional time clicking and reviewing the particular same sounds over and over on novel destinations. Media and social circle is alluring for some individuals and as practically all individuals have the availability to the internet and YouTube, it is an open door for them to endeavor to gain cash by sharing video content for various people. </p> <p>All we do is to be sure our understudy papers client feel they have made it to the balance whereby the cash that they pay is definitely justified even despite the high prevalent understudy expositions from us. At our business, you will gain independent article composing administrations that are redone to your necessities and prerequisite. Therefore, the web exposition compose is led in sources that the customer favors and proposes hence there are less chances of counterfeiting identified with explore. There are various article composing on the web organizations that are p romptly accessible. </p> <p>In request to bring down expense, or inferable from an insufficiency of assets, numerous beginner media makers need totally free stable results. Through conveying satisfactory research, authors are in a situation to create unique and most noteworthy fantastic exposition papers. </p> <p>Essay composing organizations need to have literary theft location delicate products to be sure that papers provided to students are unique. Investigate free exposition papers and get material to compose regarding the matter, and be sure you're very much educated. At the point when you confide in an expert, you can be sure you will obtain surprising papers which will be profoundly evaluated. All the redid article papers are edited to ensure that they are in the fitting linguistic buy. </p> <h2> What's Really Going on with Best Essay Writing Youtube Channels</h2> <p>Timely conveyance of work when composing an article is basic to a customer since it empowers the customer to reconsider their work, and get it rectified before conveyance. Or then again conveying normal bulletins and advancing proposals through email is a decent method to stay in contact with your customers and can likewise assist find with dealing to your site. In case you're looking for i nstruments for learning Portuguese jargon, ensure that you download our totally free language learning pack. Understudies judge the custom composing organization working with the evaluation of wok gave. </p> <p>YouTube connote an extraordinary opening for advertisers to get in contact with buyers that are examining for important information about their merchandise and enterprises. It's quite reasonable that online networking promoting has come to be totally another publicizing and showcasing field. Systems administration can have a major effect on earth with respect to being important or not. The world's greatest expert interpersonal organization is as of now an important distributing stage in its own right, which ordinarily implies you should present substance on LinkedIn on a typical premise. </p> <p>YouTube, a most loved video facilitating site, is having a significant impact in characterizing current mainstream society on an overall scale. It's very trick y for them to download a video cut with the most up to date news. Along these lines, you simply should pay when people snap to understand your video. At last, a channel centers around getting the absolute best data out there for non mainstream movie producers at each level. </p>

Sample Declaration of Independence Summary Essay

Sample Declaration of Independence Summary EssayHave you ever thought about writing a sample declaration of independence summary essay? What kind of information would you include in this kind of document? What is a declaration of independence and why do you need one?A declaration of independence summary is a list of your basic information. In a typical declaration of independence essay, there are three sections to it. One section is a statement of what the student wants to do after graduation. Another section is a declaration of who they are and what their purpose is.A declaration of independence is usually divided into three basic sections. These include giving information about yourself, outlining your goals and stating who you are and what you hope to achieve after graduation. Finally, the third section lists the reasons why the student wishes to be independent of others.The information about you should include an explanation of who you are, including how long you have been attend ing school, what you want to do after graduation and why. In order to be a successful independent person, the student must have a purpose for their independence.The goal of the student is usually outlined in the last section of the document. It may be anything from getting a better job to going on vacation. Regardless of the goals that the student hopes to achieve, the student must put a reason why they wish to be independent.The last section should include the student's statement. This part is usually only a paragraph or two, but it should give a good description of the student. The student can be part of a sports team, volunteer at a local church or charity organization, start a business or serve in the military.The statement of who the student is can be an exact description of who they want to be. In order to accomplish the goal of becoming independent, the student must be independent. Therefore, they should be identified as independent in their written statement.In conclusion, a sample declaration of independence summary is a list of information about you, a listing of your goals and the section where the student states why they wish to be independent. The next time you find yourself in a situation where you need to write a declaration of independence, look no further than this great guide. With the tips given in this short guide, you will be writing the best document that you can ever imagine.

Writing Pro-Con Essay Topics - Some Tips

<h1>Writing Pro-Con Essay Topics - Some Tips</h1><p>One of the greatest inquiries that numerous individuals pose is what are the best genius con paper subjects? The inquiry is more than reasonable, and is particularly valid for those understudies who are stuck in a test and have no clue what to compose. What is expected of an understudy when they take their tests is to thought of something to assist them with planning for the large day. That something can be the framework of the whole venture, however that can be very tedious, and numerous understudies would prefer not to do it.</p><p></p><p>There are some incredible choices that can be utilized when you are composing an article theme, and a standout amongst other is the means by which to compose a paper for school. There are some useful things to know before settling on any of the tips that will assist you with composing the best expert con paper theme possible.</p><p></p>& lt;p>One thing to remember is that composing is a craftsmanship, and except if you are utilizing your creative mind, it tends to be hard for you to make sense of good headings on the best way to go about it. In the event that you haven't been doing great with it, or on the off chance that you simply have no thoughts for an exposition theme, at that point here are a few hints to help you start.</p><p></p><p>Start by perusing books regarding the matter. There are such a large number of to look over that there is probably going to be a book for everybody. On the off chance that you have just looked into composing, you despite everything don't have the foggiest idea where to begin, at that point why not go over some well known themes that have come up in your secondary school coursework, or even your school essays.</p><p></p><p>Keep as a top priority that something that are going to influence your article subjects is the means by which you make your last paper. There are a few parts of it that will be directed by your instructor, and others that will be surrendered over to you, so you should know about the things that will be imperative to you.</p><p></p><p>Don't neglect to look into the specializations that you will be composing for. In the event that you have an issue that no one but you can settle, at that point what you expound on it might be very relevant.</p><p></p><p>When you take notes during your group, ensure that you take a gander at them with your own eyes and see what you are attempting to recollect, and attempt to recall it. This is an extraordinary method to make great recollections that you can use as a feature of your star con article topics.</p>

An Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour - 850 Words

The short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a famous piece of literature widely recognized throughout the entire literary world. It is about how a wife, Louise Mallard, hears the news of her husbands horrible train accident which ultimately led to his untimely death. The plot twist of this short story is that, in fact, her husband, Brently Mallard, is very much alive and comes home as if nothing happened. Mr. Mallard was not around the area of the accident or even knows of its occurrence. Which explains why he appeared home unscathed. The appearance of Mr. Mallard causes Mrs. Mallards supposed death. Kate Chopin fully illustrated that marriage isn’t always as blissful as people assume and believe it is to be. Also that†¦show more content†¦They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.†(Chopin 236). Free from his powerful will bending and oppression. Or as Ka te Chopin wrote, â€Å"There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.†(Chopin 237). Someone who is completely emotionally unstable, stricken with grief and physical exhaustion wouldn’t wish to be alone. That alone began to show Mrs. Mallards want to be free and self dependent. Another scene that shows irony was when after her realization of her new found freedom her sister, Josephine begged her to open the door because she feared that Mrs. Mallard, her sister, would be so tormented and distraught by the loss of her husband that she would cause herself to become ill. After telling her sister that she was indeed fine, she event ually exited the room. The emotions she carried with her as she made her exit was not feelings of grief nor of sadness for her loss, but emotions of triumph and victory. TheShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a perfect example of literature that glorifies the commonplace event: the story depicts a gigantic event in the life of its protagonist by using a minimalist economy of means. The opening sentence of The Story of an Hour carefully sets up the conclusion of the story. Chopin is working with such limited space here that it resembles more the crafting of a poem than a fictional narrative. We are told that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble so greatRead More Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pages Back in 1894, the American writer Kate Chopin wrote the short-story The Story of an Hour. Chopin, born OFlaherty, wasnt renowned as a write r during her time, but she has achieved recognition in the 20th century especially with her 1899 novel The Awakening. Her stories about strong women have really been paid attention to in relation to this centurys sexual liberation debate. This short-story revolves around what goes through a persons head when informed that a close family member has perishedRead MoreKate Chopins Short Story The Story of an Hour: An Analysis974 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Free At Last? Kate Chopins short story, The Story of an Hour is largely about the forms of repression that women were forced to endure during the epoch in which the story was written (1894) and during much of the time that preceded it. During this time period, women quite frequently had to subjugate themselves to the will of their husbands, or to some other man who had a significant amount of control over their lives. Chopin chooses to address this phenomenon in an indirect manner with thisRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis on Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour 657 Words   |  3 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† focuses on a woman named Louise Mallard and her reaction to finding out about her husband’s death. The descriptions that the author uses in the story have significance in the plot because they foreshadow the ending. This story mainly follows a woman with heart trouble. Her husband’s name appears at the top of a list of people killed in a railroad accident. The story than explains her reaction upon finding out about his death. At the end of the story, her husbandRead MoreWhether It Was a Joy That Killed Louise: Analysis of Kate Chopin’s the Story of an Hour937 Words   |  4 Pageslose his or her loved one. And if someone told me a story about a woman who bewailed her deceased husband and then died of overwhelming happiness after she saw him safe and sound, I would definitely believe in reliability of this story. Especially, if I was told that the women had heart problems. It is known that not only a sorrow but and an excessive joy can cause a fatal heart attack. However, after reading Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, I felt puzzled about doctors’ conclusion that Mrs. MallardRead MoreThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditional requirementsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 PagesPerkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2013, pp. 221-234, Database: MLA International Bibliography -- Publications. kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php. Accessed 18 Nov. 2017. The short story written by Fahimeh Q. Basenji, he shares in his writings about â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper and Story of an Hour†. In the journal, he discusses how the two stories are similar but have different narrator experiencesRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreDesirees Baby Literary Analysis1989 Words   |  8 PagesKate Chopin’s stories Desirees Baby, The Story of an Hour, At the Cadian Ball, and A Pair of Silk Stockings, were written in the 19th century in times when women had no rights, and had to portray an image of a loving wife. They were considered selfish if they thought otherwise, and their job was to make their husbands happy at all times. This was the century of a turning point for women, in which they had desires test their limits imposed on their sex. Critics of her stories list the analysisRead MoreEssay on Structural Technique in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin861 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story. Kate Chopin uses structural techni ques to enhance â€Å"The Story of an Hour† from beginning to end. She follows formal structure to a certain degree, but occasionally strays to actual structure. Upon analysis of the organization of Chopin’s story, the reader understands the powerful meaning that is expressed in such a short piece. Initially, a short story begins with an exposition. This is the laying out of important background information, characters, and setting. Chopin’s story is only

Introduction - How to Introduce a Topic in a Research Paper

<h1>Introduction - How to Introduce a Topic in a Research Paper</h1><p>Before you go to the library or the book shop and search for a point in an examination paper, here are a few recommendations. This data will give you thoughts of how to begin your exploration. In spite of the fact that it isn't important to follow these recommendations for each situation, yet numerous perusers will acknowledge them.</p><p></p><p>Data passage can be a test. In any case, in the event that you don't have a lot of time, you may be enticed to utilize a table to communicate your thoughts. In spite of the fact that it is a basic model, it can fill in as a layout for different techniques for communicating ideas.</p><p></p><p>When you are perusing an examination paper, you need to have the option to hear what the creator says. On the off chance that you hear the words 'I,' 'me,' 'mine,' or 'our,' you are not hearing the creator's thoughts. T his doesn't imply that you ought to stay away from the words you are hearing; they might be right. It just implies that you should focus on whether you hear the contemplations of the individual talking or whether you hear the considerations of the individual writing.</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to increase a comprehension of the subject of an exploration paper is to consider how the writer feels. You are most likely sitting in the crowd and not considering yourself. Be that as it may, the subject of the paper will presumably influence you. The individual composing the paper will probably feel a similar way you do, and you can utilize this reality to find out about the theme and to think about your own feelings.</p><p></p><p>Research papers once in a while don't contain look into, which implies that the thoughts depend on existing information. In spite of the fact that you should take care to acquire the entirety of th e realities before utilizing any thoughts, the essayist may have just drawn upon sources that were not tended to in the paper. A few models are past productions, political contemplations, and general information. Despite the source, it is critical to place the thought in setting with different thoughts in the paper.</p><p></p><p>You ought to know when the paper was composed, however you additionally may think that its important to talk about the information base in which the thoughts were based. For instance, on the off chance that you consider a specific theme in an exploration paper, you may find that it is most firmly identified with different subjects you have inquired about previously. You can utilize this reality by returning and examining the general thoughts in the paper with the exploration assistant.</p><p></p><p>When you use thoughts in your examination paper, recollect that you are presenting new thoughts. This can be befud dling however recollect that the creator of the paper didn't think of these thoughts alone. They may have been gotten from different materials or information in the creator's life. Attempt to assist yourself with understanding the work by setting aside the effort to talk about the material with the writer.</p><p></p><p>Writing an exploration paper isn't in every case simple. Now and then, the thoughts for a paper should be formed by the creator's understanding, interests, and capacity. You can improve your composing aptitudes by understanding books, articles, and altering programming, however you can likewise figure out how to incorporate thoughts that are not in the content of the paper. The more you think about composition, the better you will have the option to utilize the thoughts you experience in examine papers.</p>

How To Use Position Paper Essay Samples

How To Use Position Paper Essay SamplesOne of the main challenges in using essay samples to help you write a good essay is that you need to understand where the sample comes from. There are many different sources for these. The one we will look at here is the position paper sample from the University of Chicago.The first thing you want to do when looking at position paper essay samples is to read the introduction and then go to the body. This is the part that contains the actual information for the entire essay. Many writers do not bother with this part because they just fill it in by accident. You should spend a little time going through this part to make sure that you have completed everything that you need to complete the essay.The next step after this is to read the conclusion and then move on to the important parts of the essay. Again, you should pay attention to this part so that you have a good idea of how the whole piece is supposed to work. If you do not fully understand som ething, then you can always go back and re-read the source material to make sure that you understand everything that is written. You do not want to forget anything that is crucial to your essay!You may also want to look at the other parts of the position paper essay samples before you read the introduction. These will be the parts that offer additional information or just cover different topics. Look over them carefully and see if there is anything that is relevant to what you are doing.You should not need to spend a specific number of hours going through the essay. Just make sure that you have read it as thoroughly as possible. This is so that you can see if there are any mistakes that you need to correct before you write the essay.Many online essay writers do not take the time to read as much as they should. If you want to write a very good essay, then you need to be able to understand the material that you are going to be writing. Reading position paper essay samples is a great w ay to get this information.It is important to know that you are able to understand the essay samples. You should not be in the dark about the things that you are trying to write about. Once you understand the ideas behind the samples, then you will be in a better position to write your own essay.Do not be afraid to use the samples to help you with your own essay. You will be able to see if what you are doing is accurate before you write the essay on your own. You will find that this is a time-saving method and will help you to focus on your own essay.

Individual Level And Systemic Level Of Opportunity...

Introduction Recognizing opportunities is a process that is necessary and will never be avoided by entrepreneurs that are looking to create value for their stakeholders. In order to understand more about the definition of opportunity recognition, it will be sensible to first get to know the meaning of opportunity. According to (Baron, 2006) â€Å"Opportunity can be interpreted as a perceived means of generating economic value such as profit that has not been exploited and is not currently exploited by others †. Therefore, opportunity recognition can be defined as the process when individuals came to a conclusion that they have discovered an opportunity. Differences between individual level and systemic level of opportunity recognition There†¦show more content†¦Since the individual level theory emphasizes on how it occurs and who are the individuals who do it compared to whether or not it occurs. Therefore, researchers are more likely to give explanations about why some individuals are more likely to go after opportunity for financial gain (McMullen Shepherd, 2006). At the individual level, there are basically two reasons why they discover the opportunities which are they have better access to information and they have well defined cognitive capabilities. One of the reasons why individuals have better access to information is because of job function. For example, people who are working in the field of natural sciences and engineering are more likely to see the new venture opportunities because the nature of these jobs give easier access to technology and knowledge. On the other hand, for cognitive capabilities, there are two groups of it. The first group which is absorptive capacity claims that previous knowledge provide an absorptive capacity that ease the collection of information. The second group that intensifies the entrepreneurial discovery is the ability of individuals to categorize information, ability to see causal links and ability to assess assumptions and information correctly (Fuduric,

Hip Hop free essay sample

Hip hop has permeated popular culture in an unprecedented fashion. Because of its crossover appeal, it is a great unifier of diverse populations. Although created by black youth on the streets, hip hops influence has become well received by a number of different races In this country. A large number of the rap and hip hop audience Is non-black. It has gone from the fringes, to the suburbs, and into the corporate boardrooms. Because it has become the fastest growing music genre in the U. S. , companies and corporate giants have used its appeal to capitalize on it.Although artists of rap music and hip hop seem to be fixated on the messages of sex, violence, and harsh language, this genre offers a new paradigm of what can be (Lewis, 1998. ) The potential of this art form to mend ethnic relations is substantial. Hip hop has challenged the system in ways that have unified individuals across a rich ethnic spectrum. Hughes goes on to wonder why she wont get a boyfriend, and he questions why she Isnt spending her time with a decent man. Another narrator comes into the poem, which we assume is a female, and she says to the speaker that a woman does the best she can. Finally, an unknown third voice comes into the poem saying, comment on stoop, which makes the readers think that Harlem Is a place where people gossip because the third voice Is Interrupting the conversation that was occurring between the previous two narrators. Kindlier Llamas Opposites Attract illustrates a woman that is unique to Kindlier because she is faithful, trustworthy, and strong, which is unlike any other woman Kindlier has been with. Kindlier thinks that she must have a secret motive because shes too good to be true. The content of this song relates to Sister because in the poem, Marie is attracted to someone with an opposite lifestyle than her. The man she spends her time with is married with a child, and she is a young woman without a family of her own.In Opposites Attract, Kindlier Is with a woman that Is nothing Like he Is used to because his relationships in the past have been an unfaithful mess. In the song, Kindlier writes, Sometimes l, sometimes I feel we share/ Nothing in common, it anti fair. Kindlier begins to second guess his ability to hold a relationship with this woman because it seems to him that they dont have enough In common, which Is what similarly happens In Sister when Hughes questions Mares relationship wit h the married man because the two dont hold many commonalities. It seems as though both Marie and the female in Opposites Attract are looking for a man that is different than what theyre used to; however, their choice In men ends up not working out because the men dont treat the women how they want to be treated. This statement is explored in the line We hurt people hat love us/ Love people that hurt us because these women still want to be with the men in both the poem and the song even though the men are hurting them by being unfaithful.Another poem from A Montage of a Dream Deferred that shares themes with a hip-hop song is Question, which can be compared to Pleasure As song Boyfriend 1 OFF unlike any other that she has been with because she hasnt been able to find one that treats her right. Not only is the woman in the poem asking for love and affection, but also she wants basic needs such as food. In Boyfriend Number 2, the woman is avian a hard time deciding which of her two boyfriends she should be with because they both give her different things.Boyfriend number 2 seems to only be interested in the sexual part of the relationship because he tells his woman to call her when she wants to get freaky, and he talks about sex throughout the song. In both Question and Boyfriend Number 2, I think that the women are acting out toward their men because they desire a stable relationship, but they are having trouble finding one so they settle with something else. Not only does Boyfriend Number 2 and Question match in content, but in form s well.Pleasure As uses perfect rhyme in the first verse where he rhymes steady and ready and navel and table. Similarly, Hughes uses perfect rhyme in the words do and too. Another type of rhyme used by both artists is end rhyme. Hughes uses it between the words lady and daddy and Pleasure P uses it in about and out. A third way the form is similar between the poem and the song is the use of assonance because Hughes shows assonance between the words man and cant and Pleasure P uses it in the words out and shower. Airplanes Part 2 by Mine and B. O. B connects to Longboats Hughes poem Advice because both the song and the poem talk about how life may have struggles, but we have to persevere and live life to the fullest. Advice describes how we go through natural struggles in life, which are as simple as birthing and dying. This poem could also mean that we stress out about so many things in our life, and we worry about all the negatives when we should Just be enjoying the time that we do have by being optimistic. In Airplanes Apt. , Halley Williams, Paramour band member, wants to make a wish on an airplane because they are far more common Han shooting stars, and she has a better chance of her wish actually coming true this way. Then, B. O. B. Goes on to say how he is trying to become one of the greatest rappers of all time, but he has to go through many struggles to make it to the top. For example, he expected his first album dropped to be a lot more successful than it was, but he still didnt let this hold him back from achieving his dream.Mine ends the song by telling his listeners all the troubles he went through growing up, but look where those challenges got him today. He then says that we shouldnt depend on hooting stars or airplanes, but we need to go out and take matters into our own hands. Airplanes Part 2 mirrors Advice because Williams is being optimistic about things in her life, and she is doing what she can to make herself happy because most people would dwell on the fact that there arent any shooting stars, but she thinks of another solution. In Advice, Hughes tells his readers to make time for a little loving in between. I interpreted this as we cant sit down and let life pass us by because we are going to face a lot of difficulties in life, but it is our responsibility to not let this robbers consume us. Hughes even states in the poem that we all face similar challenges, death being one of them, and this is represented in Airplanes Part 2 because B. O. B. And Mine both tells us that rough childhoods or failed attempts at reaching our goals are onto good enough reason to give up on life.The form of rhyme in Advice where Hughes rhymes mean and between, and then B. O. B. Uses end rhyme in the words pain and insane. Another technique shared between the two is the use of consonance in Hughes poem with the words telling, loving, birthing, and dying. Likewise, B. O. B. Sees consonance in the words eating, trying, and hoping. A third technique used is alliteration where Hughes uses the phrase little loving and B. O. B. Uses the phrase the things that. T. L. ND Justine Timberlands Dead and Gone can be related to Longboats Hughes Blues at Dawn because both are talking about death whether it be literal or figurative. In Blues at Dawn Hughes speaks of a death that occurred in the previous poem Night Funeral in Harlem. Blues at Dawn is paying tribute to the deceased because it is hard for them to cope with their loss of a loved one, and they try to deal tit this loss by simply not thinking about the person, and this is exemplified in the line l dont dare start thinking in the morning. In Dead and Gone T. L. Explains that the old him is dead and gone, and he is starting fresh with a new version of himself because the old him was too wild and often up to no good. T. L. Speaks in the song how he was shot and one of the bullets was stuck in him leaving him paralyzed. This is when T. L. Realizes that he must change his life because the way he is living now is too dangerous, and he needs to forget his old self and not remember him, much like he narrator in Blues at Dawn doesnt want to remember the death they had to deal with. Blues at Dawn matches the form of the song Dead and Gone by T. L. ND Justine Timberline. Blues at Dawn uses a form of repetition called anaphora throughout the poem by repeating the lines l dont dare start thinking in the morning and l dont dare remember in the morning. This is much like Dead and Gone because the lines the old me is dead and gone and tyranny find my way back home are repeated multiple times as well. Not only do Hughes and T. L. Use repetition, but they use perfect rhyme as well. Hughes exemplifies it in the words bed and head and before and more while T. L. Uses it in the words take and sake and today and say.Also, the forms of Blues at Dawn and Dead and Gone are similar because they both use alliteration. In Blues at Dawn the phrases dont dare and thought thoughts are used, and in Dead and Gone the phrases time to think and make mistakes. Ultimatum discusses the struggles that were going on in Harlem back in the day. A woman was with her man paying his bills, but she couldnt stay with him anymore because she thought he was being unfaithful. She wanted to know why her man didnt recognize all the things that she did for him, yet he still wasnt treating her right. She had no choice but to give him an ultimatum, which was to stay with her and be faithful to her, or he would be cut off and would have to find someone else to pay his bills. Ultimatum relates well to No More Drama by Mary J. Bilge in content because Bilge is a strong woman who doesnt need to depend on a man to be successful. The woman in the poem was able to take care of herself as well, and she had a man that was dependent on her. No More Drama begins with the lines, So red, tired of this drama/ You go your way, I go my way/ No more, no more/ I want be free.This relates perfectly to Ultimatum because the woman is ready for a change because she doesnt want to be treated unfairly by her man anymore. Be independent without him. Longboats Hughes poem Mellow could be associated with Cant Believe it by T- Pain. In the poem, Hughes is trying to get the point across that it is more thrilling for black celebrities to hook-up with white women than black women. It could be more thrilling because at this time in history it was dangerous and breaking all kinds of social rules.A racist society built a high tension wall between blacks and whites, especially when it comes to relationships. Getting over this wall makes it even more thrilling for black men because they want the plums falling from the trees, which could be known as the forbidden fruit. This forbidden fruit, which relates all the way back to Adam and Eve, is a metaphor comparing the white women to the plums falling from the trees. T-Pain relates to Mellow because it is Just as thrilling for him to have all this women want him as it thrilling for the black celebrities in Mellow. T-Pain isnt used to getting all of this attention from women because once he became a celebrity a lot more women became interested in him. However, T-Pains relationships arent breaking any social norms like they are in the poem. Mellow and Cant Believe It are similar in form because they both use end rhyme. Hughes rhymes the words wall and fall and thrilling and killing and T- Pain rhymes the words out and bout and persuasion and Another shared technique is the use of similes where Hughes uses the line white girls fall like pale plums from a tree and T-Pain uses the line Shasta like a model out thePenthouse sheets. Through form and content Longboats Hughes poems in A Montage of a Dream Deferred relate to modern hip-hop songs through the themes and techniques that they share. A Montage of a Dream Deferred describes the American dream that African Americans were struggling to reach despite unstable relationships, poverty, and racism. Hughes is able to correlate his poetry to hip-hop m usic because many hip-hop artists write about the same struggles that both they as individuals experienced and the people in Harlem experienced in the late sasss.